And we know that all things work together for good to those who love God, to those who are the called according to His purpose. For whom He foreknew, He also predestined to be conformed to the image of His Son, that He might be the firstborn among many brethren. Moreover whom He predestined, these He also called; whom He called, these He also justified; and whom He justified, these He also glorified.
(Romans 8:28-30)
Is there anything in all of creation that He didn't know about
before He created all things?
Of course not!
“You are worthy, O Lord, To receive glory and honor and power; For You created all things, And by Your will they exist and were created.”
(Revelation 4:11)
All things were created by His will. Not only did he foreknow all things, by His "will they exist and were created"
So lets get the order straight;
And we know that all things work together for good
to those who love God,
to those who are the called according to His purpose.
"those who love God" are the same as "those who are the called according to His purpose."
In grammar, this is called 'apposition'.
Apposition A noun (or noun phrase) is in apposition to another noun or pronoun when it follows by way of explanation and is exactly parallel in its relation to the rest of the sentence: we, the rightful owners, were evicted from our home; I, the undersigned, have the pleasure of telling you ...
"we" = "the rightful owners" and "I" = "the undersigned"
"we" are "the rightful owners" and "I" am "the undersigned"
If the two nouns (or noun phrases) were connected with a conjunction, like 'and' or 'but,' then, they are not in 'apposition' and the two nouns would not refer to the same thing. So "I, and the undersigned" would be two (or more) people. But "I, the undersigned" is only one person.
So in this verse,
those who love God
and
those who are the called according to His purpose
are the same people.
So those who love God are 'those who are called.'
Now lets follow the progression that Paul sets out,
For whom He foreknew,
He also predestined
to be conformed to the image of His Son,
that He might be the firstborn
among many brethren.
Moreover whom He predestined,
these He also called;
whom He called,
these He also justified;
and whom He justified,
these He also glorified.
At each step it is the same ones that He takes through the next step.
And the first group are those 'whom He foreknew.' Well, that's everyone.
For the creation was subjected to futility, not willingly, but because of Him who subjected it in hope; because the creation itself also will be delivered from the bondage of corruption into the glorious liberty of the children of God.
(Romans 8:20-21)
Here 'hope' means 'confident expectation of something yet future.' He knows all things. He doesn't 'hope' like we do, He knows it will happen.
For God has committed them all to disobedience, that He might have mercy on all.
(Romans 11:32)